Question 14 from UPSC CSE 2021 - S&T

Question

Triclosan, considered harmful when exposed to high levels for a long time, is most likely present in which of the following?

IASCODEX · Accepted Answer

Correct Option: D. Toiletries

Strategy: Focus on the role of triclosan as an antimicrobial agent. Consider products that commonly require antimicrobial properties — toiletries like soaps, handwashes, toothpaste, and deodorants regularly use such compounds to inhibit bacterial growth. The other options (food preservatives, fruit ripening substances, reused plastic) are not typical or well-known sources of triclosan exposure. This pattern recognition directly leads to toiletries as the logical answer.

Key Info: Triclosan is a synthetic, broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal agent. Its primary use has been as an additive in personal care and consumer products for infection control and to prevent bacterial contamination.

**Common Uses**
Toiletries are the most common products containing triclosan, including:
- Antibacterial soaps
- Toothpastes
- Deodorants
- Shaving creams
- Cosmetics

Some manufacturers have also added triclosan to kitchenware, clothing, toys, and furniture to slow bacterial growth.

**Health and Safety Concerns**
Triclosan's safety profile has come under scrutiny due to studies indicating potential health risks, such as:
- Neurotoxicity
- Endocrine disruption
- Contribution to antibiotic resistance
- Harm to liver function
- Disruption of thyroid hormone regulation
- Damage to the nervous system

Regulatory authorities such as the US FDA have banned or restricted triclosan in certain over-the-counter consumer antiseptic wash products as of 2016, citing insufficient evidence of added safety or effectiveness over plain soap and potential health concerns.

**Regulatory Status and Other Notes**
India does not yet have regulations restricting triclosan usage in toiletries, though it is used in several domestic products.

Triclosan is not used in the following ways:
- As a food preservative
- In fruit-ripening processes
- As a component of reused plastic containers

Awareness is increasing regarding its environmental persistence and potential human health effects.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option A: Food preservatives

IASCODEX · Answer

Option B: Fruit-ripening substances

IASCODEX · Answer

Option C: Reused plastic containers