Question 38 from UPSC CSE 2020 - MODERN INDIA

Question

The Vital-Vidhvansak, the first monthly journal to have the untouchable people as its target audience was published by

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: A. Gopal Baba Walangkar

Strategy: - Identify the key criterion: the "first monthly journal to have the untouchable people as its target audience."
- Evaluate historical figures based on their early activism and publication timelines.
- Select Gopal Baba Walangkar, whose pioneering efforts predate the major publications of Phule, Gandhi, and Ambedkar, making him the historically accurate choice.

Key Info: Gopal Baba Walangkar (c.1840-1900) was an early social reformer from Maharashtra and a pioneering anti-caste activist. He focused specifically on improving the socio-political condition of untouchables (Dalits) in colonial India. Walangkar authored the monthly Marathi journal 'Vital-Vidhvansak' (meaning 'Destroyer of Ceremonial Pollution'), published from 1888 onwards. This journal was significant as the earliest known publication of its kind directly targeting untouchable communities to address their issues, aspirations, and rights. He also developed theories on racial origins and social discrimination, critiqued Brahmanical dominance, and inspired further activism.

### Comparison with Other Reformers

- **Jyotiba Phule (1827-1890):** A contemporary social reformer, Phule published journals like 'Satsar' and 'Deenbandhu' (the latter started by his associates), but these were distinct from Walangkar's direct targeting of untouchable communities with a dedicated monthly.
- **Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948):** Gandhi launched 'Harijan' in 1932, much later than Walangkar's efforts, as part of his broader campaign against untouchability.
- **B.R. Ambedkar (1891-1956):** Ambedkar was associated with influential publications such as 'Mooknayak,' 'Bahishkrit Bharat,' and 'Janata,' all vital for Dalit rights. However, these were founded well after Walangkar's pioneering work, making Walangkar's journal uniquely early.

The publication of 'Vital-Vidhvansak' marked a crucial milestone in Dalit print activism, expanding the social reform movement by providing a direct voice to the untouchable people.

Answer

Option B: Jyotiba Phule

Answer

Option C: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Answer

Option D: Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar