Question 74 from UPSC CSE 2020 - POLITY & GOVERNANC E

Question

Other than the Fundamental Rights, which of the following parts of the Constitution of India reflect the principles and provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)?
1. Preamble
2. Directive Principles of State Policy
3. Fundamental Duties
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

IASCODEX · Accepted Answer

Correct Option: D. 1, 2, and 3

Strategy: Focus on the thematic overlap between the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and key parts of the Indian Constitution. The UDHR's ideals of justice, liberty, equality, and dignity are reflected in the Preamble, Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), and Fundamental Duties.

Specifically, the Preamble outlines core ideals, DPSP detail socio-economic rights, and Fundamental Duties (e.g., Article 51A(k)) support human rights responsibilities. Since all these constitutional elements echo UDHR principles, the strategy is to select options that encompass all of them.

Key Info: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), adopted in 1948 by the United Nations General Assembly, articulates universal rights and freedoms such as equality, liberty, justice, security, education, and dignity. The Indian Constitution integrates these ideals in several ways.

## Preamble
The Preamble encapsulates principles of:
*   **Justice** -- social, economic, political
*   **Liberty** -- thought, expression, belief, faith, worship
*   **Equality** -- status and opportunity
*   **Fraternity** -- dignity and unity
These directly parallel UDHR tenets.

## Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) [Part IV, Articles 36-51]
These principles direct the state to:
*   Secure a social order for welfare.
*   Promote justice and reduce inequalities.
*   Ensure the right to work, education, and public assistance.
*   Uphold the health and strength of workers.
These reflect many economic, social, and cultural rights set out in the UDHR.

## Fundamental Duties [Part IVA, Article 51A]
Added by the 42nd Amendment (1976), these duties include:
*   Respecting the Constitution and cherishing national ideals.
*   Promoting harmony and protecting public property.
*   Fostering scientific temper.
*   **Clause (k)** -- obligates parents/guardians to provide educational opportunities to children, mirroring Article 26 of the UDHR (right to education).

Together, the Preamble, DPSP, and Fundamental Duties encapsulate and reinforce principles articulated by the UDHR, alongside the Fundamental Rights. This comprehensive constitutional approach strengthens India's commitment to universal human rights norms.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option A: 1 and 2 only

IASCODEX · Answer

Option B: 2 only

IASCODEX · Answer

Option C: 1 and 3 only