Question 78 from UPSC CSE 2020 - S&T

Question

With the present state of development, Artificial Intelligence can effectively do which of the following?
1. Bring down electricity consumption in industrial units
2. Create meaningful short stories and songs
3. Disease diagnosis
4. Text-to-Speech Conversion
5. Wireless transmission of electrical energy
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

IASCODEX · Accepted Answer

Correct Option: D. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

Strategy: Evaluate each statement individually against current and emerging AI capabilities:
*   Statements 1-4 align with widely deployed AI applications such as industrial optimization, creative content generation, medical diagnosis, and text-to-speech.
*   Statement 5, though less common, is supported by recent research in optimizing wireless power transfer systems.
As no statement can be confidently eliminated, all options are considered correct.

Key Info: Artificial Intelligence (AI) involves developing algorithms and computer systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as understanding natural language, recognizing patterns, or making decisions. Key modern AI subsets include machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing.

-   **Electricity Consumption in Industry** -- AI-controlled systems monitor and optimize processes in real time, reducing waste and improving efficiency in industrial units. Predictive maintenance and smart energy management systems, driven by AI, have been implemented globally to bring down electricity costs and overall consumption.

-   **Creative Works (Short Stories and Songs)** -- AI models, such as OpenAI's GPT series and specialized music generation neural networks (e.g., Jukebox by OpenAI), have demonstrated the creation of human-like short stories, poetry, and complete songs. AI-generated compositions like "Daddy's Car" illustrate creative potential.

-   **Disease Diagnosis** -- AI-powered tools analyze vast amounts of medical data for early disease detection, accurate diagnosis, and personalized treatment suggestions. Techniques include image analysis (radiology, pathology), prediction of patient outcomes, and assisting doctors in differential diagnosis.

-   **Text-to-Speech Conversion** -- Advanced AI-driven text-to-speech (TTS) systems, such as Google's WaveNet or Amazon's Polly, convert written text into natural-sounding speech using deep neural networks, enhancing accessibility and interactive voice applications.

-   **Wireless Transmission of Electrical Energy** -- Although wireless power transmission predates AI, recent systems use AI algorithms for optimizing energy transfer, adaptive resonance, and loss minimization. Machine learning enhances efficiency and stability, particularly in dynamic environments or for applications like wireless electric vehicle charging.

AI's ability to transform these sectors continues to expand as algorithms, computing power, and data availability improve. Research and pilot projects have validated all capabilities listed in the options.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option A: 1, 2, 3, and 5 only

IASCODEX · Answer

Option B: 1, 3, and 4 only

IASCODEX · Answer

Option C: 2, 4, and 5 only