Question 4 from UPSC CSE 2015 - Science and Technology

Question

With reference to 'Near Field Communication (NFC) Technology', which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is a contactless communication technology that uses electromagnetic radio fields.
2. NFC is designed for use by devices which can be at a distance of even a metre from each other.
3. NFC can use encryption when sending sensitive information.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

IASCODEX · Accepted Answer

Correct Option: C. 1 and 3 only

Strategy: - Confirm statement 1 is correct because NFC is a contactless technology.
- Identify statement 2 as incorrect due to the exaggerated range (NFC works within ~4-10 cm, not 1 metre).
- Confirm statement 3 is plausible as NFC can use encryption for security.
- Eliminate any options containing statement 2 and select the option with statements 1 and 3.

Key Info: **About NFC**
Near Field Communication (NFC) is a short-range wireless technology based on electromagnetic radio fields. It enables simple and secure communication between compatible devices when they are brought close together—typically within 4 cm, with an absolute maximum of 10 cm. Applications include contactless payments, access control, information sharing, and pairing Bluetooth devices. NFC operates at 13.56 MHz and is standardized under ISO/IEC 18092.

**Statement Analysis**
- **Statement 1 is correct:** NFC uses electromagnetic induction for data transfer without physical contact or cables.
- **Statement 2 is incorrect:** NFC is designed for proximity, with a range up to about 10 cm, not 1 metre.
- **Statement 3 is correct:** Security is a primary concern; NFC protocols often use encryption, such as secure channels and cryptographic keys, to protect sensitive information. Modern devices implement secure elements or host card emulation for this purpose.

NFC's limited range greatly reduces the risk of eavesdropping or interception, enhancing its suitability for secure, sensitive exchanges.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option A: 1 and 2 only

IASCODEX · Answer

Option B: 3 only

IASCODEX · Answer

Option D: 1, 2, and 3