Question 45 from UPSC CSE 2015 - Science and Technology

Question

With reference to the use of nanotechnology in the health sector, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Targeted drug delivery is made possible by nanotechnology.
2. Nanotechnology can largely contribute to gene therapy.

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: C. Both 1 and 2

Strategy: Focus on two key medical applications of nanotechnology: targeted drug delivery and gene therapy. This approach highlights how nanoscale particles can minimize side effects by delivering drugs to specific cells, and how nanoscale vectors can effectively transfer genetic material.

Key Info: Nanotechnology involves manipulating materials at the nanometer scale (1–100 nanometers) to achieve desirable properties and functions. In healthcare:

- Targeted drug delivery uses nanoparticles, such as liposomes, dendrimers, or polymeric nanoparticles, to transport drugs directly to diseased tissues (like tumors), increasing treatment efficacy and reducing toxicity. Examples include nano-liposomes for cancer drugs and nanocarriers for anti-HIV medicines.
- Gene therapy utilizes nanomaterials as non-viral vectors to deliver therapeutic genes into patients' cells. Nanoparticles—using materials such as gold, silica, or polymers—provide a safer and more controlled alternative for gene transfer compared to viral vectors.
- Additional uses include biosensors, diagnostics, and regenerative medicine. Regulatory guidelines by organizations such as FDA and ICMR monitor the safety and efficacy of nano-medicines.
- Major research institutions include CSIR and DBT in India. The National Nanotechnology Initiative (USA) and India's Nano Mission promote R&D in this field.

Answer

Option A: 1 only

Answer

Option B: 2 only

Answer

Option D: Neither 1 nor 2

With reference to the use of nanotechnology in the health sector, which of the following statements is/are correct? Targeted drug delivery is made possible by nanotechnology. Nanotechnology can largely contribute to gene therapy.

With reference to the use of nanotechnology in the health sector, which of the following statements is/are correct?

Targeted drug delivery is made possible by nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology can largely contribute to gene therapy.