Question 21 from UPSC CSE 2022 - Environme nt

Question

Which one of the following statements best describes the 'Polar Code'?

IASCODEX · Accepted Answer

Correct Option: A. It is the international code of safety for ships operating in polar waters.

Strategy: Focus on the keywords 'code', 'safety', and 'polar waters'. Interpret 'code' as referring to regulatory or safety standards and 'polar waters' as pertaining to ship navigation, rather than geopolitical agreements or research protocols. Statements concerning general agreements, norms, or councils do not align with the specialized nature indicated by 'code'.

Key Info: The Polar Code, formally known as the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters, is an international framework adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). It entered into force on 1 January 2017. Its provisions are mandatory under both the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL).

The Code comprehensively addresses design, construction, equipment, operational, training, and environmental protection matters relevant to ships operating in the harsh Arctic and Antarctic regions. It specifically covers hazards unique to polar operations, such as ice navigation, extreme cold temperatures, and limited search and rescue infrastructure. The primary objectives are to enhance vessel safety and protect polar environments.

Applicable to new ships built after 1 January 2017 that navigate polar waters, the Code imposes additional requirements. These include strengthened hulls, safety equipment designed for freezing conditions, and mandatory crew training. The Polar Code is distinct from territorial demarcations, scientific research protocols, or Arctic Council agreements.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option B: It is the agreement of the countries around the North Pole regarding the demarcation of their territories in the polar region.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option C: It is a set of norms to be followed by the countries whose scientists undertake research studies in the North Pole and South Pole.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option D: It is a trade and security agreement of the member countries of the Arctic Council.