Question 59 from UPSC CSE 2022 - Medieval History

Question

With reference to Indian history, who of the following were known as "Kulah-Daran"?

IASCODEX · Accepted Answer

Correct Option: D. Sayyids

Strategy: - Focus on unique identity markers provided in the question.
- Identify "Kulah-Daran" as referring to a distinctive cap (kulah).
- Connect this unique headgear to the Sayyids, known for wearing identifiable caps and their lineage claims.
- Eliminate other options that lack this specific headgear association.

Key Info: The term 'Kulah-Daran' literally means 'those who wear the cap'. In medieval Indian history, it specifically referred to the Sayyids, a respected Muslim group claiming direct descent from Prophet Muhammad.

The Sayyids gained special regard during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal eras. Their distinct identity included wearing a pointed cap (kulah), which marked them socially and symbolically. Historical accounts note Timur's exceptional respect for Sayyids during his 1398-99 CE invasion of India--reportedly safeguarding their lives while others suffered massacre. The Sayyid dynasty (1414-1451 CE) also succeeded the Tughlaq rulers in Delhi.

Other groups, such as Arab merchants, Qalandars (wandering Sufi ascetics), and Persian calligraphists, did not share this specific association with the pointed cap or the 'Kulah-Daran' appellation.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option A: Arab merchants

IASCODEX · Answer

Option B: Qalandars

IASCODEX · Answer

Option C: Persian calligraphists