Question 33 from UPSC CSE 2018 - Art and Culture

Question

With reference to the religious practices in India, the 'Sthanakvasi' sect belongs to?

IASCODEX · Accepted Answer

Correct Option: B. Jainism

Strategy: Focus on the unique term 'Sthanakvasi'. This sect is directly associated with Jainism and is known for rejecting idol worship, a distinct doctrinal feature. This characteristic helps eliminate Buddhist, Vaishnavite, or Shaivite traditions, allowing for clear identification of the correct religious affiliation.

Key Info: ## Sthanakvasi Sect Overview

Sthanakvasi is a reformist sect within the Śvētāmbara tradition of Jainism.

### Origins and Founders

- Emerged in the 17th century.
- Attributed to Lavaji (1653 AD).
- Rooted in the teachings of the Jain reformer Lonka Shah.

### Core Beliefs and Practices

- **Rejection of Idol Worship**: Sthanakvasis do not worship idols and refuse to accept Jain temples with images.
- **Path to Liberation**: Emphasize meditation and non-violence (ahimsa) as primary paths to liberation (moksha).
- **Ethical Adherence**: Focus on simplicity and strict adherence to Jain ethical codes, including truth and ascetic discipline.
- **Canonical Texts**: Accept thirty-two of the Jain Agamas, which are the canonical Śvētāmbara texts.
- **Views on Temples**: Consider the construction of temples and images unnecessary for spiritual progress. They regard congregational halls ('Sthanaks') as gathering spaces for discourse and meditation, distinct from traditional temples.

### Distinctions

- **Vs. Murtipujaka Jains**: Their rejection of idol worship sets them apart from Murtipujaka (idol-worshipping) Śvētāmbara Jains.
- **Non-Associated Traditions**: Buddhism, Vaishnavism, and Shaivism are not associated with Sthanakvasi, as these belong to other distinct religious and philosophical traditions in India.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option A: Buddhism

IASCODEX · Answer

Option C: Vaishnavism

IASCODEX · Answer

Option D: Shaivism