Question 59 from UPSC CSE 2018 - Current Affairs

Question

International Labour Organization's Convention 138 and 182 are related to

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: A. Child labour

Strategy: - Focus on identifying the specific phrase 'Convention 138 and 182'.
- Recognize these convention numbers as direct indicators of child labor themes, differentiating them from broader labor issues.
- Utilize this specific knowledge for confident and unambiguous selection.

Key Info: ## International Labour Organization (ILO)
The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency that sets international labour standards and promotes decent work.

## Key ILO Conventions on Child Labour
- **ILO Convention 138 (Minimum Age Convention, 1973)**: Establishes the minimum age for employment, generally not less than the completion of compulsory schooling and no younger than 15 years (with flexibility for developing countries).
- **ILO Convention 182 (Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999)**: Mandates immediate and effective measures to prohibit and eliminate the worst forms of child labour. This includes slavery, forced labor, trafficking, use in armed conflict, prostitution, pornography, and illicit activities.

## India's Commitment
India ratified both Convention 138 and Convention 182 in June 2017, demonstrating its commitment to international child labour eradication standards. The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 (amended in 2016) in India aligns with these conventions.

## ILO Monitoring and Core Standards
The ILO monitors member states' compliance with its conventions. Both Convention 138 and Convention 182 are considered 'core' standards, essential for fundamental worker rights. While other conventions cover broader topics like agricultural practices or gender parity, 138 and 182 are exclusively focused on child labour.

Answer

Option B: Adaptation of agricultural practices to global climate change

Answer

Option C: Regulation of food prices and food security

Answer

Option D: Gender parity at the workplace