Question 54 from UPSC CSE 2018 - Environment

Question

Why is a plant called Prosopis juliflora often mentioned in news?

IASCODEX · Accepted Answer

Correct Option: B. It tends to reduce the biodiversity in the area in which it grows.

Strategy: Focus on the phrase 'often mentioned in news'--this signals ecological or environmental impact. Prosopis juliflora stands out among invasive alien species in India, regularly discussed for its disruptive effect on local flora and fauna. Options related to cosmetics or pesticides are rarely connected to this plant in mainstream reports, making biodiversity reduction the logical answer.

Key Info: Prosopis juliflora is a hardy, fast-growing shrub or small tree native to South and Central America. It was introduced to India in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for afforestation, fuelwood, and reclamation of wastelands. Over time, it has become one of the most aggressive invasive species in India, especially in arid and semi-arid regions like Rajasthan, Gujarat, and the Deccan Plateau.

## Impact on Biodiversity

*   Prosopis juliflora forms dense thickets, outcompeting native vegetation by monopolizing soil moisture and nutrients, leading to a decline in local plant diversity.
*   Its allelopathic effect (release of chemicals inhibiting other species) further restricts the growth of native plants.
*   The dense canopy and prolific seed production disrupt the natural succession and regeneration of indigenous flora and challenge agricultural and grazing practices.
*   Studies, especially from Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and the Keoladeo National Park, show that its spread reduces habitats suitable for native birds and animals, affecting ecosystem balance.
*   Its invasive nature prompts regular coverage in ecological, forestry, and conservation news in India.

## Other Uses and Misconceptions

*   While it is used as fuelwood and occasionally for charcoal, there is no major commercial use of Prosopis juliflora extract in cosmetic or pesticide industries.
*   Management and eradication of Prosopis juliflora are frequent subjects of government reports and environmentalist campaigns concerned about biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option A: Its extract is widely used in cosmetics.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option C: Its extract is used in the synthesis of pesticides.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option D: None of these