Question 99 from UPSC CSE 2024 - Environm ent

Question

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: Many chewing gums found in the market are considered a source of environmental pollution.
Statement-II: Many chewing gums contain plastic as gum base.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: A. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I

Strategy: Focus on understanding how modern chewing gums are produced, specifically noting the use of plastic as a gum base. This composition directly explains their environmental persistence due to non-biodegradability, highlighting a critical cause-effect relationship.

Key Info: ## Modern Chewing Gum Composition and Environmental Impact

Modern chewing gum typically utilizes a gum base composed of synthetic polymers, including polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polyethylene, and various other plastics. These synthetic substances provide the gum's characteristic chewiness and elasticity. In contrast to traditional gums, which were derived from natural latex like chicle, contemporary gums predominantly use petroleum-based synthetics for reasons of cost-effectiveness and consistent texture.

The primary environmental concern stems from these plastic-based gum bases being non-biodegradable. As a result, discarded gum persists in the environment for extended periods, contributing significantly to both microplastic and macroplastic pollution in public and natural spaces. Cleanup efforts are often costly and challenging due to the gum's strong adhesive properties. Globally, plastic-based gum litter accounts for substantial tonnage of plastic waste annually.

Efforts to mitigate this impact include:
*   Development of biodegradable alternatives.
*   Implementation of key regulations and public awareness campaigns to address gum litter.

Answer

Option B: Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I

Answer

Option C: Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect

Answer

Option D: Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct

Consider the following statements: Statement-I: Many chewing gums found in the market are considered a source of environmental pollution. Statement-II: Many chewing gums contain plastic as gum base. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: Many chewing gums found in the market are considered a source of environmental pollution.
Statement-II: Many chewing gums contain plastic as gum base.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?