Question 35 from UPSC CSE 2014 - Environme nt

Question

The most important strategy for the conservation of biodiversity together with traditional human life is the establishment of

IASCODEX · Accepted Answer

Correct Option: A. biosphere reserves

Strategy: Focus on the phrase 'together with traditional human life' as the deciding factor. Biosphere reserves are uniquely designed to integrate conservation with the traditional lifestyles of local communities, unlike national parks or wildlife sanctuaries, which typically restrict human habitation. This keyword directly identifies biosphere reserves.

Key Info: Biosphere reserves are large areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems recognized under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme. They uniquely combine three zones:

*   **Core zone:** Strictly protected for the preservation of landscapes, ecosystems, and biodiversity.
*   **Buffer zone:** Allows only limited research and education.
*   **Transition area:** Encourages sustainable resource management practices, and is where local communities live, work, and follow traditional lifestyles.

Biosphere reserves thus blend environmental conservation with socio-economic development and cultural preservation.

**In contrast**, national parks and wildlife sanctuaries primarily aim at protecting flora and fauna, with restrictions on human activity. Habitations are generally not permitted in core zones, and traditional resource use is often curtailed. The term 'reserves' is generic and does not specify integration with human communities.

In India, notable examples of biosphere reserves include Nilgiri, Nanda Devi, and Sundarbans. They play a vital role in conserving genetic diversity while supporting the cultural heritage and sustainable livelihoods of indigenous populations.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option B: reserves

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Option C: national parks

IASCODEX · Answer

Option D: wildlife sanctuaries