Question 74 from UPSC CSE 2014 - Culture

Question

With reference to India's culture and tradition, what is 'Kalaripayattu'?

IASCODEX · Accepted Answer

Correct Option: D. It is an ancient martial art and a living tradition in some parts of South India.

Strategy: - Identify the root term 'kalari' in 'Kalaripayattu' and its association with martial arts in Kerala.
- Eliminate options related to Shaivism, handicrafts, and dance-drama.
- Confirm the correct option by recognizing Kalaripayattu as an ancient martial art from South India.

Key Info: **Origin and Meaning**
Kalaripayattu is one of the oldest surviving martial arts, originating from Kerala in South India. The name is derived from 'Kalari,' meaning battlefield, and 'payattu,' meaning fight or practice.

**Techniques and Training**
The art form is comprehensive, incorporating:
-   Strikes, kicks, and grappling
-   Weaponry, including sticks, swords, knives, and spears
-   Unarmed combat techniques
-   Healing methods

Training takes place in specially designed arenas called 'Kalari' and focuses on developing flexibility, strength, and agility. It is traditionally associated with warrior communities.

**Modern Practice and Influence**
While distinct from dance-dramas like Kathakali, Kalaripayattu has influenced Kerala's physical culture and performance arts. The art has seen a revival and is now taught in schools across Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. It is recognized as part of India's intangible cultural heritage and has influenced modern cinema and other martial arts.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option A: It is an ancient Bhakti cult of Shaivism still prevalent in some parts of South India.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option B: It is an ancient style bronze and brass work still found in the southern part of the Coromandel area.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option C: It is an ancient form of dance-drama and a living tradition in the northern part of Malabar.