Question 96 from UPSC CSE 2014 - Science and Technology

Question

In addition to fingerprint scanning, which of the following can be used in the biometric identification of a person?
1. Iris scanning
2. Retinal scanning
3. Voice recognition
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

IASCODEX · Accepted Answer

Correct Option: D. 1, 2, and 3

Strategy: Recognize that all listed biometric methods—fingerprints, iris/retinal scans, and voice recognition—are established and valid forms of identification. Therefore, select the option that includes all of them.

Key Info: Biometric identification leverages unique, measurable biological characteristics for authentication or recognition.

**Common modalities:**
- **Fingerprint scanning:** Analyzes ridge patterns on fingertips. Widely used due to uniqueness and ease of capture.
- **Iris scanning:** Captures the distinct colored ring around the pupil using visible or near-infrared light. Iris patterns are highly stable and unique.
- **Retinal scanning:** Maps the blood vessel pattern on the retina using low-intensity light. Retinal structure is unique but scanning is more intrusive than iris scans.
- **Voice recognition:** Identifies characteristic vocal tract features such as pitch, tone, and cadence. Used in phone banking, security, and forensic applications.

Other biometric methods include facial recognition, hand geometry, vein pattern recognition, and gait analysis. In India, Aadhaar uses fingerprint and iris biometrics. Near Infrared (NIR) lighting aids image clarity in ocular biometrics. Voice and ocular scans are contactless, enhancing hygiene and acceptance in many sectors.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option A: 1 only

IASCODEX · Answer

Option B: 2 and 3 only

IASCODEX · Answer

Option C: 1 and 3 only

In addition to fingerprint scanning, which of the following can be used in the biometric identification of a person? Iris scanning Retinal scanning Voice recognition Select the correct answer using the code given below.

In addition to fingerprint scanning, which of the following can be used in the biometric identification of a person?

Iris scanning

Retinal scanning

Voice recognition
Select the correct answer using the code given below.