Question 49 from UPSC CSE 2014 - Environme nt

Question

With reference to Neem tree, consider the following statements:
1. Neem oil can be used as a pesticide to control the proliferation of some species of insects and mites.
2. Neem seeds are used in the manufacture of biofuels and hospital detergents.
3. Neem oil has applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

IASCODEX · Accepted Answer

Correct Option: D. 1, 2, and 3

Strategy: Validate the accuracy of three statements about Neem product uses: as a biopesticide, a source for biofuels and detergents, and for pharmaceutical applications. Confirm all are correct and select the option including all three.

Key Info: Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a tree native to the Indian subcontinent and widely used for its medicinal, agricultural, and industrial properties.

- **Neem Oil:** Extracted from seeds, neem oil contains azadirachtin as an active compound, and is highly effective as a biopesticide. It disrupts insect growth, feeding, and reproduction cycles, and is used to control pests and mites in organic and conventional agriculture.

- **Neem Seeds and Biofuels:** Neem seed oil is a non-edible oil employed in the manufacture of biodiesel (biofuels), offering a renewable energy source. Residual oil cakes are also used in soap and detergent industries, including for specialized cleaning products like hospital-grade detergents, due to antimicrobial properties.

- **Pharmaceutical Applications:** Neem oil exhibits antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties; it is used in the formulation of topical medicines for skin conditions, dental hygiene products, and various herbal remedies. Extracts from different parts of the tree are applied in formulations for traditional and modern medicine.

Neem is often cited as a 'village pharmacy' due to its wide spectrum of applications. India's Ministry of AYUSH, Central Insecticides Board, and international agencies recognize its value across agriculture, health, and industry.

IASCODEX · Answer

Option A: 1 and 2 only

IASCODEX · Answer

Option B: 3 only

IASCODEX · Answer

Option C: 1 and 3 only