Question 17 from UPSC CSE 2019 - Modern History

Question

Consider the following pairs: Movement/Organization - Leader
1. All India Anti-Untouchability League - Mahatma Gandhi
2. All India Kisan Sabha - Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
3. Self-Respect Movement - E. V. Ramaswami Naicker
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: D. 1, 2, and 3

Strategy: Begin by linking each movement to its historical leader. Mahatma Gandhi is strongly associated with anti-untouchability efforts, including founding the All India Anti-Untouchability League. The All India Kisan Sabha's origins are tied to Swami Sahajanand Saraswati and farmer activism. The Self-Respect Movement is a hallmark of E. V. Ramaswami Naicker's (Periyar) social reform in the South. All leaders with their respective organizations/movements are textbook associations; thus, all pairs are correctly matched.

Key Info: All India Anti-Untouchability League was established by Mahatma Gandhi in October 1932, later renamed Harijan Sevak Sangh, to intensify anti-untouchability campaigns, following the Poona Pact. Gandhi also initiated the publication of the journal 'Harijan' in 1933 to advocate for the emancipation of the depressed classes. The All India Kisan Sabha was formed in Lucknow in April 1936 with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati as President and N.G. Ranga as General Secretary, marking the consolidation of the peasant movement in colonial India; the organization played a key role in agrarian reforms and farmers' protests. The Self-Respect Movement was launched in 1925 by E. V. Ramaswami Naicker, popularly known as Periyar, in Tamil Nadu. It sought to promote rationalism, equality, and social justice, specifically targeting caste oppression and Brahminical dominance in society. These leaders are regarded as key figures in their respective movements or organizations, shaping significant streams of Indian social and political reform in the early to mid-20th century.

Answer

Option A: 1 only

Answer

Option B: 1 and 2 only

Answer

Option C: 2 and 3 only

Consider the following pairs: Movement/Organization - Leader All India Anti-Untouchability League - Mahatma Gandhi All India Kisan Sabha - Swami Sahajanand Saraswati Self-Respect Movement - E. V. Ramaswami Naicker Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Consider the following pairs: Movement/Organization - Leader

All India Anti-Untouchability League - Mahatma Gandhi

All India Kisan Sabha - Swami Sahajanand Saraswati

Self-Respect Movement - E. V. Ramaswami Naicker
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?