Question 35 from UPSC CSE 2019 - Environment

Question

In India, the use of carbofuran, methyl parathion, phorate, and triazophos is viewed with apprehension. These chemicals are used as

IASCODEX · Accepted Answer

Correct Option: A. pesticides in agriculture

Strategy: Identify the primary domain for the chemical names by analyzing their association with toxicity and regulation in agriculture and food safety. This will distinguish them from other uses and confirm they are agricultural pesticides.

Key Info: **Chemical Profiles and Regulation**
Carbofuran, methyl parathion, phorate, and triazophos are organophosphate or carbamate compounds used primarily as agricultural pesticides.

- **Carbofuran**: A highly toxic carbamate pesticide effective against insects and nematodes. It is restricted or banned in many countries due to environmental and health hazards.
- **Methyl Parathion**: An organophosphate insecticide that is acutely toxic to humans and animals. Its agricultural use is severely restricted globally.
- **Phorate**: A highly toxic systemic insecticide and nematicide. It is banned or restricted in several countries.
- **Triazophos**: An organophosphate insecticide considered moderately to highly hazardous by the World Health Organization (WHO).

These chemicals are not used as food preservatives, fruit-ripening agents, or in cosmetics. Regulatory scrutiny has increased due to concerns over their residues in food crops, environmental impact, and potential for acute poisoning and long-term health effects. In India, bodies such as the Central Insecticides Board and Registration Committee (CIBRC) and the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) monitor their usage and residue levels.

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Option B: preservatives in processed foods

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Option C: fruit-ripening agents

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Option D: moisturizing agents in cosmetics