Question 90 from UPSC CSE 2019 - Economics

Question

Among the following, which one is the largest exporter of rice in the world in the last five years?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: B. India

Strategy: Analyze recent global rice trade trends and export volumes to identify the leading country.

Key Info: **Global Rice Export Dynamics**

India has been the world's largest rice exporter, particularly since 2011–12, consistently leading in both quantity and value over the past five years.

**Key Statistics and Regions**
- India accounted for over a quarter (25–26%) of global rice exports from 2014–2018.
- Principal exporting states include West Bengal, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana.
- Both basmati and non-basmati rice varieties are exported extensively.

**Comparison with Other Exporters**
- Vietnam and Thailand are major exporters, but their shares are lower than India's. Vietnam contributes around 13–16%, while Thailand fluctuates near 20–25% but rarely surpasses India.
- Pakistan is another significant exporter, but its volume is less than India's.
- China, the top producer and consumer, exports relatively small volumes.
- Myanmar's export volumes are substantially lower than those of India, Vietnam, or Thailand.

**Reasons for India's Dominance**
- High-yield rice varieties.
- Robust supply chains.
- Extensive cultivation of export-oriented rice, especially basmati.

Data from the World Trade Organization (WTO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and USDA consistently confirm India's top position.

Answer

Option A: China

Answer

Option C: Myanmar

Answer

Option D: Vietnam